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Experimental Vertical Transmission of Japanese Encephalitis Virus by Culex Tritaeniorhynchus and other Mosquitoes

Vertical transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus to the F1 adult stage was demonstrated in Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. annulus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Armigeres subalbatus. Transmission to the F1 larval stage was demonstrated in Cx. pipiens, Aedes vexans, Ae. alcasidi, and A. flavus. In Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, vertical transmission rates (the percentage of parent females transmitting to progeny) varied (12–100%). Filial infection rates (the percentage of progeny infected) for a given mosquito virus combination were markedly affected by the interval of time between parental infection and oviposition, suggesting that vertical infection was not transovarial in nature but occurred at oviposition. Filial infection rates for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus also varied widely by family and, as measured in F1 larvae, rates in excess of 20% were observed in a family. Filial infection rates in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus F1 adults were about 4 times lower than those in larvae. Japanese encephalitis virus was sexually transmitted from male to female Cx. tritaeniorhynchus.