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Heterologous Flavivirus Infection-Enhancing Antibodies in Sera of Nigerians

Ademola Fagbami^*, Scott B. Halstead, Nyven Marchette AND Kay Larsen

^* Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Rockefeller Foundation, 1133 Avenue of the Americas, New York, 10036
Department of Tropical and Medical Microbiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96816

Human sera collected from Nigerians were examined for plaque reduction neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibodies against dengue 2, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. Neutralization tests showed that 17 of 19 sera contained flavivirus neutralizing antibody; 11 were positive to all 3 viruses, 5 to dengue and yellow fever, and 1 to dengue virus only. Two sera had no detectable neutralizing antibody to any of the flaviviruses. Enhancement assays showed that 17 flavivirus neutralizing antibody-positive sera contained infection-enhancing antibodies to dengue 2, and 16 had antibody to yellow fever. Although 11 sera were positive for West Nile neutralizing antibody, 17 enhanced this virus. Heterologous infection-enhancing antibody titers were lower than the homologous ones. Broadly reacting sera and those with high neutralizing antibody titers produced the highest infection-enhancing antibody titers.

Accepted for publication June 18, 1987.