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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus Antigen in Mosquitoes^*

Bo S. Niklasson AND Thomas P. Gargan, II

Department of Infectious Diseases, Roslagstull Hospital, S-114 89 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Virology, National Bacteriological Laboratory and Karolinska Institute, S-105 21 Stockholm, Sweden
US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21701, USA

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the quantity of Rift Valley fever (RVF) viral antigen in infected Egyptian Culex pipiens. Infectivity, as measured by plaque assay, was significantly correlated with viral antigen, as measured by the ELISA, in all groups of mosquitoes regardless of the time interval after the infectious blood meal. The proportion of noninfectious viral antigen in these groups increased with time. When individual mosquitoes were assayed the plaque assay and the ELISA techniques had similar sensitivity (100% vs. 93%, respectively) and specificity (94% vs. 94%, respectively) in detecting mosquitoes capable of transmitting virus to susceptible hamsters. The ELISA may be useful in detecting RVF-infected arthropods in the field because it provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific test.

Accepted for publication September 26, 1984.

^* The views of the authors do not purport to reflect the positions of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.

In conducting the research described in this report, the investigators adhered to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, as promulgated by the National Research Council. The facilities are fully accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care.