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Mechanical Transmission of Rift Valley Fever Virus by Hematophagous Diptera^*

Experimental studies were conducted to determine if hematophagous Diptera were capable of mechanical transmission of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus to laboratory animals. All species tested (Glossina morsitans, Aedes aegypti, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Culex pipiens, Stomoxys calcitrans, Lutzomyia longipalpis, and Culicoides variipennis) mechanically transmitted the virus to hamsters. Mechanical transmission rates for G. morsitans ranged from 0–100%, with the probability of mechanical transmission positively correlated with initial viremia titer and negatively correlated with the time after virus exposure. Mechanical transmission of RVF virus to lambs was demonstrated with both G. morsitans and Cx. pipiens. These findings demonstrated that mechanical transmission of RVF virus by hematophagous flies may contribute to the natural transmission and dissemination of this virus.

Accepted for publication August 4, 1984.

^* In conducting the research described in this report, the investigators adhered to the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals," as promulgated by the Committee on the Revision of the Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council. The facilities are fully accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care.

The views of the authors do not purport to reflect the positions of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.

Address reprint requests to: Dr. Charles L. Bailey, Chief, Department of Arboviral Entomology, Virology Division, USAMRIID, Building 1425, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21701.

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