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Arbovirus Studies in the Guajira Region of Venezuela: Activities of Eastern Equine Encephalitis and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viruses during an Interepizootic Period^*

Raul Walder, Octavio M. Suarez AND Charles H. Calisher

Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Centro de Microbiologia y Biologia Celular, Laboratorio de Virus Animales, Apartado 1827, Caracas 1010 A, Venezuela
Division of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522

Repeated outbreaks of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) in humans and equines in the Guajira region of Venezuela suggested a sylvatic focus of an epizootic subtype of VEE virus. A surveillance system was established, and virus isolations were attempted from 67,760 mosquitoes as well as sentinel hamsters. Sixteen isolates of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and a strain of Itaqui virus were recovered from mosquitoes, and 60 isolates of EEE, two of VEE, and two of Itaqui viruses were recovered from tissues of sentinel hamsters. The VEE virus isolates were shown to be closely related antigenically to prototype VEE ID and the EEE virus isolates were shown to be more closely related to the South American than the North American variety of EEE virus. Evidence for the presence of VEE and EEE viruses in small wild vertebrates was obtained from serologic testing. This study showed, for the first time, the enzootic presence of both VEE ID and EEE viruses during a nonepizoodemic period in the Guajira region.

Accepted for publication December 12, 1983.

^* Address reprint requests to: Dr. Charles H. Calisher, Division of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522.