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Penicilliosis marneffei in Thailand: Report of Five Human Cases^*

Panida Jayanetra, Prawat Nitiyanant, Libero Ajello^**, Arvind A. Padhye^**, Somsak Lolekha, Vichai Atichartakarn, Prakit Vathesatogit, Boonchoi Sathaphatayavongs^|| AND Roongnpa Prajaktam

Department of Pathology
Department of Pediatrics
Department of Medicine
^|| Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
^** Division of Mycotic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333

The first two cases of Penicillium marneffei infection in humans were reported in 1959 and 1973. There had been no additional clinical reports of penicilliosis marneffei, until the five new cases of human infection described in this paper, the first from Thailand. The patients, three of whom died, came from various parts of the country. Their common clinical manifestations were fever and generalized lymphadenopathy, with multiple soft tissue, bone, joint and pulmonary involvement. Pericarditis with effusion was also seen. The diagnosis was established by isolating and identifying a dimorphic Penicillium species that produced a soluble red pigment in its mycelial form. The histopathologic features of the lymph nodes and bone marrow were similar to those of histoplasmosis capsulati. However, the yeast-like tissue form of P. marneffei divides by fission; that of Histoplasma capsulatum by budding. Treatment with amphotericin B was effective when this antifungal antibiotic was administered early in the course of the disease.

Accepted for publication December 22, 1983.

^* Address reprint requests to: Dr. Libero Ajello, Division of Mycotic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.

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