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Replication and Dissemination of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Culex Pipiens^*

Following ingestion of 10^4.2 to 10^7.2 plaque-forming units (PFU) of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus, 662 of 850 female Culex pipiens (78%) became infected. Those mosquitoes that became infected separated into two distinct groups: 1) those with a non-disseminated infection limited to the gut, and 2) those with a disseminated infection. The former group contained a median of 10^3.2 PFU, while those females with a disseminated infection contained a median of 10^5.5 PFU. Only those females with a disseminated infection contained a median of 10^5.5 PFU. Only those females with a disseminated infection were capable of transmitting virus by bite to a susceptible hamster. This is consistent with a mesenteronal escape barrier to viral dissemination. Following intrathoracic inoculation of RVF virus, all females developed a disseminated infection (26/26) and successfully transmitted virus by bite (49/49) if allowed to feed on a susceptible hamster or suckling mousc. Examination of legs and bodies separately provided a rapid and efficient method of determining dissemination status.

Accepted for publication June 2, 1983.

^* In conducting the research described in this report, the investigators adhered to the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals," as promulgated by the Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council. The facilities are fully accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care.

The views of the authors do not purport to reflect the positions of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.

These investigations were performed while the senior author was a Research Associate sponsored by the National Research Council.

Address reprint requests to: Michael J. Turell, Department of Arboviral Entomology, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21701.

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