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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 33(1), 1984, pp. 166-175
Copyright © 1984 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Experimental Transovarial Transmission of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus by Culex and Aedes Mosquitoes*

James L. Hardy, Leon Rosen, William C. Reeves, Robert P. Scrivani AND Sally B. Presser
Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences and Naval Biosciences Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720; and Arbovirus Program, Pacific Biomedical Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96806

Colonized and field-collected female Culex tarsalis, infected with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus by intrathoracic inoculation or by feeding on a viremic host, transmitted virus to their F1 adult and/or larval progeny when reared at 18(±1)°C but not when reared at 27(±1)°C. The minimal infection rates (MIR) for different populations of Cx. tarsalis ranged from 1:32 to <1:250 (mean = 1:121) for larval progeny and from 1:32 to <1:1, 989 (mean = 1:1,571) for adult progeny. SLE virus also was transmitted transovarially by colonized and field-collected populations of Culex pipiens (mean MIRs = 1:340 and 1:1,815 for larval and adult progeny, respectively) and by a field population of Culex quinquefasciatus (MIR = 1:500 and <1:246 for larval and adult progeny, respectively), but not by colonized strains of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Culex peus. SLE virus was not recovered in tests on 5,522 Cx. tarsalis and 4,798 Cx. quinquefasciatus that were collected as larvae or pupae from field sites in Southern California and reared to adults at 18°C in the laboratory. Transovarial transmission of SLE virus by Aedes epactius was confirmed and extended to a closely related species, Aedes atropalpus. Efforts to demonstrate transovarial transmission of SLE virus by Aedes melanimon, Aedes sierrensis, and Aedes triseriatus were unsuccessful. Aedes dorsalis, Cx. peus, and Toxorhynchites amboinensis were equally sensitive hosts for viral isolation when inoculated with suspensions of larvae transovarially infected with SLE virus.

Accepted for publication July 13, 1983.


* This research was supported in part by funds from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (Contracts DAMD 17-77-C-7018 and DAMD 17-80-C-0176); from the Office of Naval Research, Microbiology Program, Naval Biology Project (Contract N00014-81-C0570, NR205-001); from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Grant Nos. AI 003028, AI 17952, and AI 17953); and by special funds for mosquito control research appropriated annually by the California State Legislature.

Address reprint requests to: Dr. James L. Hardy, School of Public Health, 216 Earl Warren Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.






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Copyright © 1984 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.