AJTMH Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 31(3), 1982, pp. 541-547
Copyright © 1982 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis in Southeast Asian Refugees Arriving in the United States—Isolation of Enterovirus 70

Kenneth W. Bernard, John C. Hierholzer, J. Brian Dugan, Paul R. DeLay AND Charles G. Helmick
Viral Diseases Division, Center for Infectious Diseases, and Quarantine Division, Center for Prevention Services, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, and U.S. Public Health Service Hospital, San Francisco, California 94118

During July–September 1980, an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) occurred in several refugee camps and transit centers in Southeast Asia. Of 2,356 refugees examined in Bangkok, 200 (8.5%) had conjunctivitis, including 116 (58%) with hemorrhagic signs. Because increasing numbers of refugees were arriving in the United States with conjunctivitis, a program of surveillance and control was implemented. Enterovirus 70, not previously reported from patients in the Western Hemisphere, was cultured from four arriving refugees. A fourfold rise in titer to enterovirus 70 was found in 10 others, either in the United States or Thailand. After control measures were instituted, the prevalence of conjunctivitis in arriving refugees declined from 49.8 per 1,000 to 3.8 per 1,000. Follow-up of cases after arrival in the United States revealed only one possible secondary case. Extensive epidemics of AHC in the Western Hemisphere are most likely to occur following importation into the humid, coastal areas of Central and South America.

Accepted for publication December 2, 1981.




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P. A. Patriarca, I. M. Onorato, V. E. F. Sklar, L. B. Schonberger, R. M. Kaminski, M. H. Hatch, D. M. Morens, and R. K. Forster
Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis: Investigation of a Large-scale Community Outbreak in Dade County, Florida
JAMA, March 11, 1983; 249(10): 1283 - 1289.
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Copyright © 1982 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.