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Sensitivity to Carbon Dioxide in Mosquitoes Infected with California Serogroup Arboviruses^*

Michael J. Turell, James L. Hardy AND William C. Reeves

Ten species of mosquitoes became sensitive to CO₂ following intrathoracic (i.t.) inoculation of California encephalitis (CE) virus. These included field-collected Aedes melanimon, Aedes nigromaculis and Culiseta incidens and laboratory-clonized strains of Aedes dorsalis, Aedes triseriatus, Anopheles freeborni, Culex peus, Culex pipiens pipiens, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Culex tarsalis. Another California serogroup virus, Jerry Slough (=Jamestown Canyon) (JS), also induced CO₂ sensitivity in nearly 100% of infected female Ae. dorsalis, Ae. melanimon and Cx. tarsalis. Sensitivity to CO₂ developed in Ae. dorsalis and Cx. tarsalis within 3 days after i.t. inoculation of CE virus, remained at a high level through day 10 after inoculation and decreased gradually with time until by 30 days postinoculation nearly all mosquitoes were nonsensitive. In contrast, Ae. dorsalis infected transovarially with CE virus were not CO₂ sensitive. There was homologous but no heterologous interference to the development of CO₂ sensitivity when Ae. dorsalis infected transovarially with CE virus were inoculated with CE or JS viruses.

Two other bunyaviruses, Main Drain and Turlock, produced CO₂ sensitivity in 3–10% and 0%, respectively, of infected Ae. dorsalis, Ae. melanimon and Cx. tarsalis. Two togaviruses, St. Louis encephalitis and western equine encephalomyelitis, did not induce CO₂ sensitivity in Ae. dorsalis and Cx. tarsalis.

Accepted for publication July 27, 1981.

^* This study was supported in part by funds from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (Contract No. DAMD 17-77-C-7018), from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (research grant AI003028), from the Office of Naval Research, and by special funds for mosquito control research appropriated annually by the California Legislature.

Present address: USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21701.