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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 30(3), 1981, pp. 526-530
Copyright © 1981 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Prevalence of Chloroquine-Resistant Falciparum Malaria in the Brazilian Amazon*

José J. Ferraroni, Clarence A. Speer, Jack Hayes AND Mamoru Suzuki
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA) and Universidade do Amazonas (Instituto de Medicine Tropical de Manaus), Manaus, Brazil, Department of Microbiology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, and Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371, Japan

The prevalence of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria was determined for humans living at 28 different sites in the Brazilian Amazon. Blood samples obtained from each patient were defibrinated, placed in vials containing 0.5% glucose and or chloroquine and incubated for 24 hours at 39–40°C without agitation. In vitro sensitivity of the parasite to four different concentrations of chloroquine was determined for each sample. After 24 hours of incubation, trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum developed to schizonts in all control cultures (no chloroquine) as well as in 80.6, 48.4, 11.8 and 7.5% of the cultures containing 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 nmol chloroquine/ml blood, respectively. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum was found in blood samples from all 28 locations, indicating that such resistance is widely spread in the Brazilian Amazon.

Accepted for publication November 15, 1980.


* Address reprint requests to: Dr. C. A. Speer, Department of Microbiology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812.






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Copyright © 1981 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.