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Experimental Transmission and Field Isolation Studies Implicating Culex Pipiens as a Vector of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Egypt^*

James M. Meegan, Galila M. Khalil, Harry Hoogstraal AND Fatma K. Adham

Attempts were made to isolate virus from wild caught mosquitoes during the 1977 and 1978 Rift Valley fever (RVF) epizootics in Egypt. Over 95% of the 55,126 mosquitoes collected from epizootic areas in the Nile Delta and Valley were Culex pipiens. Two strains of RVF virus were isolated from unengorged female C. pipiens taken in 1978. Laboratory-reared C. pipiens originating from a population sample from the Nile Delta epizootic area transmitted RVF virus. The infection rate of mosquitoes that fed on viremic hamsters was 86.7%; the transmission rate was 40.0% (46.2% based only on infected mosquitoes). From these results, it is suggested that C. pipiens was a vector of RVF virus during the 1977–1978 epizootics in Egypt.

Accepted for publication March 15, 1980.

^* From Research Projects MR041.09.01-0165 and -0152, Naval Medical Research and Development Command, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Navy or the naval service at large. Preliminary aspects of this work were presented at the 14 December 1978 meeting of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, England.

Request reprints from: Medical Zoology Department, NAMRU-3, FPO, New York 09527.

Present address: Yale Arbovirus Research Unit, 60 College Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.

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