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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 26(4), 1977, pp. 612-622
Copyright © 1977 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Differences in the Virulence of Plasmodium Knowlesi for Macaca Irus (Fascicularis) of Philippine and Malayan Origins*

L. H. Schmidt{dagger}, Rochelle Fradkin{ddagger}, Janet Harrison§ AND Richard N. Rossan||
The Christ Hospital Institute for Medical Research, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, National Center for Primate Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and Kettering-Meyer Laboratory, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35205

This report summarizes the results of a comparative study of the virulence of the "S-M," H, and C strains of P. knowlesi for Indian rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus monkeys [M. irus (fascicularis)] of Malayan (West Malaysia) and Philippine origins. Each of the above strains produced fulminating, uniformly fatal infections in the rhesus monkey and mild, chronic infections, characterized by relatively low level parasitemias in cynomolgus monkeys of Philippine origin. In striking contrast, the H and C strains produced infections in cynomolgus monkeys of Malayan origin which were indistinguishable in severity from infections produced in M. mulatta. The circumstances of the study precluded evaluation of the virulence of the "S-M" strain for M. irus of Malayan origin. Even so, the available data make it necessary to qualify the long-held belief that infections with P. knowlesi in M. irus invariably follow a benign course.

Accepted for publication December 18, 1976.


* The experimental components of this report were supported in part by Research Grants E-610 and AI-05888 from the National Institutes of Health to The Christ Hospital Institute for Medical Research, Cincinnati, Ohio and the University of California, Davis, respectively. Manuscript preparation was supported in part by Contract DADA 17-69-C-9104 with the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command and in part by the Southern Research Institute. This is contribution number 1430 from the Army Research Program on Malaria.

Address reprint requests to Dr. L. H. Schmidt, Kettering-Meyer Laboratory, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35205.


{dagger} Present address: Kettering-Meyer Laboratory, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama.


{ddagger} Present address: Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio.


§ Present address: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.


|| Present address: Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone.




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Copyright © 1977 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.