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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 24(5), 1975, pp. 866-872
Copyright © 1975 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Tick-Borne Typhus) in South Carolina: An Educational Program and Tick/Rickettsial Survey in 1973 and 1974*

Willy Burgdorfer, Theodore R. Adkins, Jr. AND Lamar E. Priester
The Rocky Mountain Laboratory, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Hamilton, Montana 59840, Clemson University, Department of Entomology and Economic Zoology, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, and South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Columbia, South Carolina 29201

Because the incidence of spotted fever is increasing in South Carolina, campaigns were carried out in 1973 and 1974 to provide the public and medical practitioners, through pamphlets and news media, with information about spotted fever and the ticks which transmit the causative agent, Rickettsia rickettsii. People were also invited to save and submit live ticks removed from vegetation, animals and humans, for examination by the hemolymph test. A total of 1,186 ticks consisting of 987 Dermacentor variabilis, 103 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and 96 Amblyomma americanum were examined. Rickettsiae identified by direct immunofluorescence as members of the spotted fever group were detected in 49 (4.9%) of the D. variabilis, and 16 (16.6%) of the A. americanum ticks. Two hundred and twenty (199 D. variabilis, 17 A. americanum, and 4 R. sanguineus) were recorded as having been attached to 199 persons. Nine of these ticks (8 D. variabilis, and 1 A. americanum) were hemolymph test-positive for spotted fever-group rickettsiae. Infected ticks originated from each of the three major South Carolina biogeographic regions, namely Piedmont, Sandhill, and Coastal Plain. Since education is the first and most important step in preventing spotted fever, educational programs and tick examination services similar to those described, are suggested for other states with high spotted fever incidence.

Accepted for publication March 10, 1975.


* Technical contribution No. 1236, South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina. Published by permission of the Director.




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Copyright © 1975 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.