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A Prospective Study of the Effects of Ultralow Volume (ULV) Aerial Application of Malathion on Epidemic Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

III. Ecologic Aspects^*

Robert G. McLean, Janet T. Spillane AND James W. Miles

The effects of aerial ultralow volume (ULV) malathion on selected species of nontarget animals in Haiti are reported. Mortality of certain groups of insects such as bees, flies, beetles, and butterflies was observed immediately following spray application. Minor fish mortality occurred only in shallow water exposed to direct spray. The brain acetylcholine esterase levels of living fish, tree lizards, birds and bats collected from treated areas were not significantly reduced. No ill or dead animals, besides the few fish, were seen even when maximum exposure occurred. Only minor changes in the feeding behavior of some insectivorous birds were observed. The relative bird density decreased substantially for only one species during the study, and other factors besides treatment were considered to be the reasons for the decline. Aerial applications of ULV malathion at dosages sufficient to dramatically reduce anopheline populations did not significantly affect nontarget vertebrates in this tropical environment.

Accepted for publication July 13, 1974.

^* This work was supported by the United States Agency for International Development, U. S. Department of State, through PASA LA (HM 7-71).

Address reprint requests to: Center for Disease Control, Attn: Bureau of Tropical Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.

Present address: Vector-borne Diseases Division, Bureau of Laboratories, Center for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521.