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Pathogenesis of Acute Avian Malaria

I. Immunologic Reactions Associated with Anemia, Splenomegaly, and Nephritis of Acute Plasmodium gallinaceum Infections of Chickens^*

Jiya L. Soni AND Herbert W. Cox

Anemia, splenomegaly and glomerulonephritis in acute Plasmodium gallinaceum infections of chickens were studied in association with cold-active hemagglutinin for trypsinized human "O" erythrocytes, serum antigen, and the concurrent presence of antibody to serum antigen, as well as with the parasitemia of acute infection. Anemia with splenic enlargement was produced in normal chickens within 24 hours by intravenous injection of malarious chicken plasma that contained high titers of hemagglutinin, serum antigen, and antibody. A similar anemia and splenic engorgement resulted in normal birds injected with eluates from the washed blood cells of malarious chickens. Within 24 hours, the malarious plasma produced an acute glomerulonephritis similar to that which had been observed on the 5th day of infection. The concurrent presence of the hemagglutinin, serum antigen, and its antibody in the injected plasma, and the failure of the plasma to produce nephritis in immunized chickens, suggested that immune substances might be causal in acute malarial anemia and nephritis.

Accepted for publication December 29, 1973.

^* Research here reported is from a thesis entitled "Pathogenesis of Acute Avian Malaria," submitted by the principal author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree at Michigan State University. Participation in this program was made possible by a fellowship from the U. S. State Department Agency for International Development.

This research was supported in part with funds from Grant No. AI-08508 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and with support from the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. This publication is Journal Article No. 6469 from the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station.

U. S. State Department, Agency for International Development, Fellow. Present address: College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur, Madhaya Pradesh, India.