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Buttonwillow Virus, a New Arbovirus Isolated from Mammals and Culicoides Midges in Kern County, California^*

Eight isolations of a new arbovirus, Buttonwillow virus, were made from the blood of Sylvilagus auduboni and Lepus californicus and from pools of Culicoides variipennis collected in Kern County. California. The virus had a broad antigenic relation to the Simbu group and a slight cross-relation to the California group. It is the first representative of the Simbu group to be isolated from North America. Buttonwillow virus is considered to be an arbovirus because of its isolation history, antigenic relation to other arboviruses, viremia in rabbits, biologic association with arthropod vectors, and sensitivity to sodium deoxycholate. Geographic studies of the distribution of antibodies in rabbits and hares indicate that this or a closely related virus also occurs in Northern California. Montana, Utah. Wisconsin, and Canada. Culicoides variipennis is the only naturally infected arthropod known. although infection can be established experimentally in Culex. Anopheles. and Aedes mosquitoes.

Accepted for publication July 22, 1969.

^* This investigation was supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research Grant AI 03028, and General Research Support Grant I-SO1-FR-05441 from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Helath, Education, and Welfare.