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Contact-Spread of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus Among Cotton Rats Via Urine or Feces and the Naso- or Oropharynx

A Possible Transmission Cycle in Nature^*

Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, mosquito-borne in nature, caused viruria in cotton rats that lasted 2 to 8 days after infection. Cotton rats became infected by intranasal or intraoral inoculation of virus in cotton-rat urine or feces. Thus, contact spread of VEE virus via urine or feces and the naso- or oropharynx of cotton rats may provide an alternative, extramosquito pathway for maintenance and amplification of this virus in naturally infected cottonrat populations in tropical North and Central America.

^* This investigation was supported in part by USPHS Graduate Training Grant 5-T1-AI-231 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and in part by research contract number DA-49-193-MD-2295 from the U. S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Department of the Army, under sponsorship of the Commission of Viral Infections of the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board. The appointment of M. L. Zarate as a USPHS-supported Trainee was made in collaboration with the Government of the United States of Mexico through the Pan American Health Organization.