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The authors of this review on human and murine leprosy mention in a foreword to their chapter on human leprosy that despite the numerous contributions to leprosy research that have been made since leprology was first systematized by Danielssen and Boeck in 1948, the cultivation and animal transmission of M. leprae have yet to be achieved. They state that without the cultivation of M. leprae, essential knowledge of the pathogenesis, bacteriology, and immunobiology of the infection is lacking, although brilliant progress has been made in chemotherapy. Improvement, and even disappearance, of the skin eruptions, serious eye lesions, and naso-oral and visceral lesions of the disease is all due to recently developed drugs. In Japanese leprosaria, the number of patients discharged as germ-free is rising every year, and there has been virtual disappearance of pharyngolaryngeal stenosis, which was often fatal in the past.
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