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Present Status of Mosquito Resistance to Insecticides

Several species of culicine mosquitoes, including Culex pipiens autogenicus, C. tarsalis, Aedes taeniorhynchus, A. sollicitans, A. nigromaculis, and A. dorsalis, have developed resistance to DDT in localized areas. This resistance is sufficiently high to make control measures with DDT impractical. Moreover, some of the species have developed resistance to substitute insecticides used for their control, including toxaphene, benzene hexachloride and aldrin.

Resistance to DDT among natural populations of Anopheles mosquitoes has not yet been established, even though intensive control operations have been carried out for several years in many areas, but we have no assurance that insecticide-resistant strains of Anopheles cannot develop.

It is my opnion that intensive and widespread application of DDT and other insecticides to both larval and adult culicine mosquitoes is the primary reason for the appearance of resistant strains in certain areas. Antilarval measures other than the use of insecticides and the application of antiadult measures to minimum size localized areas may prevent or delay the appearance of insecticide-resistant mosquitoes. Further research to develop new mosquito insecticides and an expanded program of basic studies on the resistance problem are needed.